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Together with stress, plant growth regulators, especially auxin, have been linked to the somatic-embryogenic transition.
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A well acknowledged stress-induced signal molecule is nitric oxide (NO), which participates in the promotion of cell division and embryogenic cell formation in alfalfa ( Otvos et al., 2005). Within limits, stress promotes gene expression and metabolic changes linked to the induction of cellular dedifferentiation, and often sufficient to initiate the embryogenic pathway ( Grosset et al., 1990 Pasternak et al., 2002). Stress is an inherent component experienced by explants during dissection and when cultured under physiologically suboptimal conditions. This switch, culminating in embryogenic competence and involving profound changes in chromatic structure, transcription, translation, and metabolism ( Feher et al., 2003), is triggered by several factors, the most important of which are stress and growth regulators. Regulation of Somatic-Embryogenic Transition by PGBSÄuring in vitro embryogenesis, the somatic embryogenic transition is a crucial step requiring a de-differentiation event in which information relative to somatic development is abrogated and an overall novel cellular reprogramming/reorganization initiated ( Dudits et al., 1991).